A separate case–control study of over 440 cases of prostate cancer (in a primarily White cohort) found that CYP3A4-V was associated with clinically aggressive disease (as based on Gleason grade and tumor stage) at time of diagnosis and inversely associated with less-aggressive disease at the time of diagnosis (Plummer et al. 2003). The gene discussed is CYP3A4; the disease is neoplasm.