In two separate studies at Cleveland Clinic and Mayo Clinic, patients who had undergone definitive prostate cancer treatment via either radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy and were subsequently started on ADT for biochemical recurrence and contained the adrenal permissive HSD3B1 (1245C) allele had worse rates of progression-free, metastasis-free, and overall survival from prostate cancer. Here, HSD3B1 is linked to prostate carcinoma.