Membrane instability caused by dystrophin deficiency leads to the continuous release of cytoplasmic content, in particular, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are ligands to toll-like receptors (TLRs), purinoceptors (P2RX7), and other pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on muscle and immune cells (Henriques-Pons et al., 2014; Giordano et al., 2015; Sinadinos et al., 2015). Here, DMD is linked to hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 4.