iPCa: incidental prostate cancer; PCa: prostate cancer; BPH: benign prostatic hyperplasia; GS: Gleason score; PSA: prostate-specific antigen; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; HoLEP: Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate; TURP: transurethral resection of the prostate; EBRT: external beam radiation therapy; AS: active surveillance; RP: radical prostatectomy. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is posterior cortical atrophy.