Inflammation also plays a key role in the development of insulin resistance and T2D during obesity as deletion of jun kinase 1 (JNK1, a key negative regulator of insulin sensitivity in the obese state) in the nonhematopoietic compartment protects mice against HFD-induced insulin resistance and T2D by inhibiting HFD-induced inflammation (Solinas et al, 2007; Das and Mukhopadhyay, 2011). This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.