IGFBP5 and Mental deterioration: Studies have shown that IGFBP5 was associated with faster cognitive decline (Yu et al., 2018; Kim et al., 2019) and was found to increase in the brains (Rauskolb et al., 2022), cerebrospinal fluid (Salehi et al., 2008), and animal models of AD (Barucker et al., 2015).