BDH1 and Alzheimer disease: Subsequently, we discovered the strongly relationship between hub mitoDEGs and immune cells, as well as immune microenvironment and AD pathology, and finally identified five hub MitoDEGs (BDH1, TRAP1, OPA1, DLD, SPG7) through in-depth analysis of three machine learning algorithms, which was of great significance for the search for pathological biomarkers and promising therapeutic intervention targets for AD.