Targeting programmed death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) or its receptor PD-1 (programmed cell death 1) has promising curative effects in several tumors with frequent RAS mutations such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [49] and mismatch-repair-deficient colorectal cancer [50]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.