Further analyses revealed no differences in the proportion of total F4/80+ macrophages in orthotopic pancreatic tumours across different treatment groups, while the M2-like immunosuppressive macrophages (CD163+CD80+ macrophages and CD206+CD80+ macrophages) slightly reduced after the CD40L and FLT3L combination treatment (Supplementary Fig. 17a, b). Here, CD40LG is linked to pancreatic neoplasm.