ITGAX and neoplasm: Notably, Flow cytometry analysis showed that the hydrogel microsphere vaccine significantly amplified the proportion of CD103+ CD11b− cDC1s among total tumour-resident DCs, increasing the proportion of cDC1s from 8.8 to 24.9% (Fig. 4d, e and Supplementary Figs. 9b, c and  10a).The hydrogel microsphere vaccine also significantly amplified the intratumour density of MHC II+ CD11c+ cells, which was ~1.5-, 1.7-, 2.2- and 2.0-fold greater than that of the Group1, Group2, Group3, and Group4 control hydrogel microspheres, respectively (Fig. 4e).