MAPT and Alzheimer disease: In a transgenic AD mouse model, minocycline prevented Aβ deposition and neuronal death, reduced tau phosphorylation and aggregation, and improved cognitive deficits; however, it failed to delay disease progression in individuals with mild AD in a clinical trial.542 In addition, natural formulas with anti-inflammatory activity have been developed to treat AD.543 Neurodegenerative diseases involve complex immune regulation, which makes them difficult to treat with mono-target therapy.