TMEM119 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In support of this link, differentiation regulation of osteoblasts is highlighted by one of the identified high-confidence effector genes, TMEM119. In summary, we highlight three potential biological mechanisms underpinning the comorbidity between type 2 diabetes and osteoarthritis: obesity, imbalance between osteoblasts and adipocytes differentiation in adult bone marrow and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.