APOE and Alzheimer disease: These findings are consistent with studies showing that APOE ε4 carriage is associated with increased Aβ deposition40,41 and a higher lifetime risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease dementia.42,43 Although we expected earlier Aβ deposition in ε4 carriers versus non-carriers,44 we did not observe this in the PET-based analysis (Fig. 3E).