INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Despite modern advancements in glucose monitoring and insulin delivery technologies, many individuals with T1D experience high variability in blood glucose levels and difficulties achieving glycaemic targets (glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c] ≤7.0% or ≤53 mmol/mol) [2–6], increasing the risk for several acute and chronic health complications including cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1, 3, 7–13].