JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) could catalyze the phosphorylation of c-Jun and NF-kB p65, and increased JNK phosphorylation in Neuro2a-ATD cells may be a mechanism more commonly responsible for elevated GSH levels in cells, indicating that activation of JNK kinase was contributing to the increase in GSH [36]. The gene discussed is MAPK8; the disease is Jeune syndrome.