Moreover, expression of CD163, ITGAM, CCL5, and CD27 was lower in the macrophages of the PD-1+SMI group compared with that in the IgG, PD-1, and SMI groups (Fig. 6G), and higher expression of these genes in tumor-associated macrophages is associated with lower PFS and OS in patients with NSCLC and resistance to immunotherapy [66]. Here, CCL5 is linked to neoplasm.