STAT1 and renal fibrosis: Central targets, such as IL-6, TNF-α, HIF-1α, STAT1, STAT3, JAK1 and JAK2, and the JAK/STAT pathways were identified by network pharmacology analysis and validated by in vitro and in vivo experiments, confirming that Keluoxin could reduce the inflammatory response in radiation nephropathy by regulating the JAK/STAT pathways, thereby reducing the level of oxidative stress and renal fibrosis and playing a role in renal protection.