CUL3 and autism: Because an initial report suggested a decrease in NMDAR-mediated input/output curves with unchanged AMPAR-mediated EPSC input/output curves in layer 5 prefrontal cortex pyramidal neurons with conditional heterozygous Cul3 deletion [21] and its implication in autism and learning/memory [48, 49], we examined stimulus-evoked NMDA/AMPA EPSC ratio in layer 5 PFC pyramidal neurons.