STK11 and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: In addition, we also investigated the cross-talk between LKB1 and AMPK in mdx mice after physiological stimulation (i.e. exercise) and pharmacological stimulation through metformin, an indirect AMPK stimulator with a well-recognized efficacy and safety profile, recently tested in people with DMD in view of its anabolic potential (clinical trial NCT02516085) (Camerino et al., 2014; Mantuano et al., 2018).