IGF1 and Alzheimer disease: These cells expressed 3.2-fold higher insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a protein with anti-inflammatory functions implicated in neuroprotection in AD (George et al., 2017; Arjunan et al., 2023), while expressing 60% less TNFα, implicated in harmful neurotoxic effects in AD (Chang et al., 2017; Liddelow et al., 2017) (Figures 1J,K).