Induction of the cytoprotective and pro-angiogenic effects of S1P1 and bFGF through the S1P/bFGF/Akt/ERK/eNOS signaling pathway protects cardiomyocytes and HMEC-1 from ischemia-induced cellular injury (Wang et al., 2010) and improves the myocardial ischemic status. Here, MAPK1 is linked to ischemia.