CTLA4 and melanoma: Moreover, immune checkpoint blocking (ICB) antibodies against programmed death 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein4 (CTLA-4) are designed to reactivate tumor-specific T cells, which have demonstrated effectiveness against a large number of cancer types, including melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, and renal cancer (Hodi et al., 2010; Chen and Mellman, 2017; Hellmann et al., 2018; Motzer et al., 2018).