CD4 and neoplasm: Specifically, high intratumorally levels of CD8+ T cells (also known as cytotoxic T lymphocytes, CTLs), helper T cell 1 (Th1)-polarized CD4+ T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, mature dendritic cells (mDCs), and pro-inflammatory M1 like tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are generally but not invariably associated with improved disease outcomes in different patient cohorts.