Although these observations cannot be universally applied to all solid tumors, for example, high levels of intratumorally CD8+ T cells are associated with a poor prognosis in patients with renal cell carcinoma and metabolic activation of intrahepatic CD8+ T cells and NKT cells has been shown to promote NASH (Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) and HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) via cross-talk with hepatocytes (Vesely et al., 2011; Wolf et al., 2014; Bruni et al., 2020; Petroni et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and hepatocellular carcinoma.