In 55 patients, we discovered six germline mutations in five (5/55, 9.1%) patients, including four FH genes, one ATM gene, and one RAD50 gene (Figure S4); it’s important to note that all six of these germline mutations were discovered in nccRCC (5/17, 29.4%), and no germline mutations were discovered in ccRCC. This evidence concerns the gene RAD50 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.