TP53 and lung cancer: On a larger scale of different types of TP53, a missense mutation is the most common TP53 mutation,46 particularly in tobacco-related lung cancer.46,47 According to the latest evidence, missense mutation has a “gain-of-functions” effect, leading to an increase in the expression of cancer cells.48,49 In contrast, Halvorsen found that missense mutations showed higher OS compared with other types of TP53 mutations although, in general, TP53 mutations showed a higher Hazard Ratio (HR) compared with no mutations.46