TNF and neoplasm: By producing mediators such as IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, C-C motif chemokine (CCL)2, C-X-C motif chemokine (CXCL)8, CXCL10, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and fibroblast growth factor (FGF), TAMs can promote tumor development and remodel the tumor-supportive TME (8–10).