Aside from tumor cell-target therapeutics like anti-CD47 antibodies and PD-1 blockade, other macrophage-related checkpoints are also identified, such as CD40 agonists, B7-H4 (aka B7x, B7S1 or VTCN1) and V-domain Ig- containing suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA, aka PD-1H, DD1α). Here, VSIR is linked to neoplasm.