TLR3 agonism with poly(I:C) led to tumor regression in a mouse xenograft model for MYCN-non-amplified tumors but not MYCN-amplified tumor grafts (159), however when poly(I:C) was added to isotretinoin this did slow tumor growth in a MYCN-amplified xenograft model, and showed phosphorylation of IRF3 and induction of TLR3 and MAVS expression but not MDA5 or RIG-I in vitro, suggesting a TLR3-depedent mechanism (160). This evidence concerns the gene IRF3 and neoplasm.