CCS and ischemia: In the present study, these alterations include the down regulation of anti-oxidant genes (Gpx1, Gpx3, Gpx4, Gstk1, Prdx1, Prdx2, Prdx3, Sod3), down-regulation of gene involved in protection against oxidative stress (Ccs), and upregulation of genes responsible for oxidative stress (Txnrd1 and Hspa1) in the 5h ischemia hearts compared to the 1h ischemia group.