GSDMD and familial Mediterranean fever: DMF modification at Cys191 of GSDMD and Cys45 of GSDME to form S-(2-succinyl)-cysteine. Succinylation of GSDMD and GSDME stopped the induction of pyroptosis.In mouse models, the delivery of DMF protected them from LPS shock as well as attenuated familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) by targeting GSDMD.