The upregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators and cell markers (CCL2, CCL3, CXCL5,IL1B, IL6, CHUK, FUT4 andPTPRC) is indicative of higher levels of inflammation and leukocyte infiltration in the conjunctival tissue of patients who developed ECA following trichiasis surgery. The gene discussed is CXCL5; the disease is Trichiasis.