TNF-α is an inflammatory factor that plays an important role in promoting myocardial remodeling and inhibiting myocardial contraction, as well as in increasing endothelial and myocardial apoptosis, and there is abundant evidence that inhibition or reduction has a protective effect in heart failure models (Lee et al., 2019; Reina-Couto et al., 2021; Szabo et al., 2021; Zhong et al., 2022). Here, TNF is linked to heart failure.