After adjusting for baseline characteristics and clinical predictors, there was a 9% higher risk of MACE (adjusted hazard ratio [adj HR] 1.10, 95% CI 1.13–1.27), 12% higher risk of nonfatal MI (adj HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.07–1.31), and a 16% higher risk of congestive heart failures or ventricular arrhythmias (adj HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.24) for higher GSDMD concentrations (≧13 ng/L) patients. This evidence concerns the gene GSDMD and congestive heart failure.