Multiple SNPs, including patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3, rs738409), transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2, rs58542926), etc., were found to be closely related to the incidence and progression of NAFLD (8, 9). Here, PNPLA3 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.