Similarly, a cross-sectional study of anemia treatment among Japanese patients with CKD was reported but was lacking in longitudinal treatment information, Hb management, and clinical outcomes.16 Given the reported geographical variation in treatment patterns,15 predisposing clinical factors, and guidelines, it is important to evaluate contemporary and comprehensive aspects of anemia management in patients with NDD-CKD across various regions. Here, GSTM1 is linked to anemia (phenotype).