A recent study reported that treatment initiation for any anemia treatment in a multinational cohort of patients with NDD-CKD was 40% in patients with Hb <10 g/dl, within 12 months.15 A similar or greater range of treatment initiation was observed in this study; nevertheless, more than half of the patients did not initiate any anemia treatment within 1 year of first identified Hb qualifying them for treatment. This evidence concerns the gene GSTM1 and anemia (phenotype).