Elkomy et al. [68] developed a novel, non-invasive inhalable nifedipine-loaded chitosan-PLGA polymeric nanoparticles with the 61.81% entrapment efficiency and 50.4% sustained release profile over 24 h, which can regulate the TGF-β/β-catenin pathway in the rat model of bleomycin-induced PF. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and pemphigus foliaceus.