Interestingly, we found that in PD-L1+ tumours (PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) ≥1), patients belonging to CLEC7A/CD68 high subgroup held more non-responders compared with CLEC7A/CD68 low subgroup (Fig. 6a, b), indicating that Dectin-1+ TAMs might be involved in resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy. Here, CLEC7A is linked to neoplasm.