Therefore, as part of the ongoing effort to examine the hypothesis that TGFB1 SNPs are associated with DR, this study aims to investigate the association of rs1800469 (c.-1347 C>T) and rs1800470 (c.+29 T>C) SNPs in the TGFB1 gene with DR in both T1DM and T2DM from a Southern Brazilian population. Here, TGFB1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.