TGFB1 and diabetic kidney disease: Accordingly, several studies have associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TGFB1 gene with susceptibility for DR and/or DKD (Beránek et al., 2002; Buraczynska et al., 2007; Jia et al., 2011; Bazzaz et al., 2014; Liu et al., 2014; Hampton et al., 2015; Zhou et al., 2018; Zhou et al., 2019).