The High-Dose Erythropoietin for Asphyxia and Encephalopathy (HEAL) Trial was a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial in which newborns with moderate or severe HIE were randomized to receive erythropoietin or placebo in conjunction with TH.9,10 The primary outcome of death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) showed no beneficial effect of adding erythropoietin to TH. This evidence concerns the gene EPO and perinatal asphyxia.