CARD8 and infection: To determine if CARD8 inflammasome activation can occur during HIV-1 infection in the absence of small molecule-induced HIV-1PR dimers, we infected the human leukemia monocytic cell line THP-1 at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) <1 and assayed for cell death (Figure 3B, left) or IL-1β secretion (Figure 3B, right).