TNF and neoplasm: In aspect of immunotherapy, administration of CpG oligonucleotides (a synthetic small molecule that mimics bacterial DNA) can significantly stimulate the body’s immune system, so as to show good activity of antitumor in several malignant tumors.[130] It has been found that intratumoral injection of CpG oligonucleotides combined with IL-10R antibody can induce TNF production by myeloid cells associated with tumor infiltration, so as to inhibit the growth of many types of tumors in mice.