Anti-depressive effects were also seen with the administration of TSPO ligands FGIN-1-27 in non-mammalian models (Lima-Maximino et al., 2018) and XBD173 in rodent models of chronic stress and depression associated with diabetes mellitus (Qiu et al., 2016; Shang et al., 2020). Here, TSPO is linked to major depressive disorder.