TNF and colitis: A study has found that in the mouse colitis model induced by DSS, intragastric administration of taxifolin can decrease the levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, increase the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors IL-10, superoxide dismutase and immunoglobulin, inhibit NF-κB signaling, and restore the composition and function of gut microbiota by increasing the expression of tight junction proteins, thereby significantly alleviating the symptoms and histological changes of colitis (19).