TLR4 and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: The targeting of eNAMPT (Jensen and Schmidt, 2014; Kalikkot Thekkeveedu et al., 2017) and the TLR4 inflammatory cascade in BPD (Lavoie et al., 2012) has been suggested in the disrupted alveolar and pulmonary vascular growth characteristic of BPD although whether maternal IAI increases BPD risk remains controversial (Bose et al., 2009; Hartling et al., 2012; Jobe, 2012).