KLK3 and posterior cortical atrophy: In some PCa phenotypes, AR acts as a transcription suppressor of PSMA, and androgen deprivation therapy can lead to an increase in PSMA levels.9–11 In contrast, in some patients PSA levels correlate directly with AR transcription activity, where a decrease in the measured concentration of PSA provides a diagnostic readout of the efficacy of AR inhibition.9–11