A role for FKBP51 as a scaffold protein in AKT signaling was proposed in 2009 by Pei et al. when they identified the immunophilin as part of the protein complex AKT/PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase (PHLPP), which enhanced the de-phosphorylation of AKT in a pancreatic cancer context [45]. This evidence concerns the gene FKBP4 and pancreatic neoplasm.