Recommendations based on the level of evidence indicate that the use of ESA in early posttransplant anemia should be considered using a case-by-case approach, whereas ESA should be used in late anemia with a Hb target level between 12.5 and 13.5 g/dL to achieve better graft survival, caution being required in patients with a high risk of malignancy.65 This evidence concerns the gene GSTM1 and anemia.