With regard to cytokine release and systemic inflammation IL-1RA, tenascin-C, and sCD163 increased from baseline to the day of pneumonia diagnosis, IL-6, IL-10, procalcitonin and sRAGE decreased, and IL-8, MMP-8, and sTREM-1 remained unchanged in cases (Fig. 2). This evidence concerns the gene MMP8 and susceptibility to pneumonia measurement.