INS and diabetes mellitus: After adjusting for baseline covariates including age, gender, diabetes duration, SBP, heart rate, BMI, ideal smoking, alcohol consumption, history of CVD, LDL, TG, UACR, and the use of antihypertensive agents, lipid-lowering agents, insulin, or oral antidiabetic agents, and average HbA1c during follow-up, the U-shaped trajectory had 2.17-fold (95% CI, 1.65–2.83) odds of aortic stiffness compared with the Low trajectory.