ACTA1 and neoplasm: To determine the effect of CAFs on the plasticity of LVs in CSCC, 57 primary tumours (from 37 CSCC patients without lymph node metastasis (LNM) [CSCCnon−LNM] and 20 with LNM [CSCCLNM]) were subjected to dual-label immunofluorescence for α-SMA and LYVE-1.