Furthermore, leveraging the canonical SMILES structure of NGR1 obtained from PubChem, we predicted its potential drug targets (Fig. 1D) and subsequently identified potential drug targets associated with glomerular injury in DN patients, such as VEGFA, FGF1, ITGB5, LGALS8, SLC5A2, and BACE1. Here, FGF1 is linked to liver dysplastic nodule.