Evidence from this supposition comes from studies showing attenuated HDL anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory functions in T2D coinciding with decreased activity of the anti-oxidative enzyme paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) [46, 47], and reduced HDL antithrombotic capacity coinciding with microvascular diabetic complications and lower lipid content in the smallest HDL subfraction (measured using another NMR platform) in a genetically mixed South African population of T2D patients with a White Dutch or South Asian background [48]. Here, PON1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.