TERT and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: Moreover, the chromatin-organizing protein CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) was recently reported to be upregulated during HSCs activation and it was also TGF-β inducible and helped TGF-β–mediated repression of TERT transcription via interactions with β2-spectrin (β2SP) and SMAD3 in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS)-associated tumorigenesis1,18,19.