S100A4 not only activates the nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) pathway and leads to the release of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α,[61] but also shapes an inflamed TME by inducing the secretion of IL‐8 and C—C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2),[14] playing an oncogenic role in malignant melanoma. Here, TNF is linked to melanoma.